Category: Notes

We usually take about a week to get through our loaves.  But last week’s loaf was moldy on Friday morning.  So Friday evening, I mixed up the dough for a Saturday morning bake on Friday.  To avoid overproofing, I threw in a couple extra grams of salt as well as put the dough in the garage.

300g all purpose flour (King Arthur)
100g whole wheat flour
300g water
100g starter
13g salt
60g chia seeds, soaked in 90g water
60g flaxseed meal, soaked in 90g water

It turns out I overdid it.  The dough was not ready for bake when I first woke up in the morning.  In fact, I ended up throwing it in the proof function of the oven for a couple hours before starting the bake.

For giggles, I tried a different pattern for the cuts on top, four snips for a square and one in the middle for the 5th.  I think I’m going to try a pentagon or a star shape next time.  Maybe at some point I’ll just have to get over the silly asian superstition about the number four and just live with a simple square.

The flavor at 25% whole wheat is quite good.  I’m realizing it was a mistake to stop putting whole wheat in the bread earlier this year.  I always felt a little mental pressure to use up whole wheat the oils that may go rancid, and I just didn’t want to deal with it after I used up the last bag.  But there was a little extra complexity in the flavor this week that I realized had been missing for quite some time.

Being Saturday morning, we went ahead and cut into the loaf fresh out of the oven for breakfast.  Between going lower on the water for the flaxseed meal, and the early cut, I’m going back to leaving the lid of the dutch oven ajar.  Hopefully we’ll eat our way through this one before the spores come.

Here is my basic bread recipe. It’s pretty straightforward, as long as you have a kitchen scale.  The ratio is, 1 leaven: 3 water: 4 flour: .1 salt. Since my 3 quart Dutch oven limits the loaf size, that means my basic recipe is:

100g starter
300g water
400g flour
10g salt

I keep my starter mix at 100 percent, regularly fed with equal weights of flour and water. The starter lives in the fridge and is refilled  whenever I bake bread or make pancakes, at least once every two weeks. It might be able to survive longer without feeding, but I’m not going to try.

I would go deeper into making the starter, except for the fact that I basically followed the instructions on Mike’s sourdough website.  I really like his straightforward approach to the process.  Don’t be intimidated, fermentation just happens, mix some water and flour and the germs in flour will happily do their duty.  Jewish tradition considers bread to be leavened after 18 minutes, which is a wildly optimistic timeframe, but the sentiment is much closer to the truth than anyone who makes it sound like a big deal.

As for the bread itself, you can jazz it up in two ways. First you can tweak the flour itself. I’ve found that 20% whole wheat flour has minimal effect on the final product aside from making it healthier. Once you go above that, the loaf does start to get whole wheat-y.  Second, you can add fun stuff. Generally my rule is +30% of flour weight of things like nuts, seeds, dried fruit, or even grain porridge. As I write, I’ve realized you should be able to actually go higher, since I was adding 7% wheat germ to the dough when I came up with that +30% rule, so it most likely means you could throw in up to forty percent in other random stuff. If you’re not sure, go ahead and presoak these extra items, since you don’t want to throw off the hydration ratio of the main dough.  I would guess 150% of the weight of the fun stuff stuff is a good rule of thumb for starters (such as 60g chia seed + 90g water).

By the way, the first few of my consistently good loaves were ones with stuff added to it (such as 15% raisins + 15% walnuts). This is a completely uninformed theory, but I suspect the extra chunks acted as aggregate in concrete, making it easier to shape.

The process itself is also pretty basic: Autolyse, mix, wait a while, preheat the oven, preshape the dough, shape it again, and bake it covered, and then take off the cover, and then let the loaf rest.

1. If you really want a happy starter, feed it the night before and it will be jumping the morning you mix the dough. Or you can be lazy like me and just pull it out the fridge when you’re ready to start.
2. Autolyse: Mix the water into the starter. I mix in a little water at first to get a consistent sludge, before throwing in the remainder of the water.  Then throw in all the flour and roughly mix it up. And then let it sit for at least 15 minutes. (I usually take this time to feed the starter and put it back in the fridge.  I take this time to soak any extra goodies to throw into the dough, along with the salt.  I often eat breakfast, which can result in a much longer autolyse.)
3. Mix: I then throw in the salt or salted soaked goodies. This is the only time I vigorously beat up the dough. At 75% hydration it is very slack so you can’t really knead it.  Instead you will go back and forth between folding and pinching the dough to get everything incorporated. (In the past, I’ve gone up to 82% hydration and its worked out, but I like the simple ratio of 3:4, so I’ve settled on this number).
4. Then wait. While waiting I like to fold the dough a few times. Ideally, the first couple times will be at 15 minute intervals, and then a few more at 30 minute intervals. But I don’t stress if I don’t get around to folding it at all.  After a few hours (5 to 9 in our house) the dough will look happy and ready to bake. I wish I could give good guidance, but it is truly a feel thing.  Visually I look for when my dough roughly reaches most of the way towards the 2 qt line in my Cambro container. (If in doubt, just go ahead and bake.  Overproofing is a complete disaster compared to underproofing.  Even if you lose a little on the flavour by baking early, the dead shape and flattened texture of an overproofed loaf is real bummer.)
5. Preheat and shape: I put my dutch oven (without the lid) into the range and start the preheat.  For the bake, I now keep it at a simple consistent 450f throughout.  While the range is heating up, I dump the dough out on the counter and preshape it using a dough knife. I then let the dough rest until the oven is at about 400f, when I’ll do a final shape, usually folding it. (However, I’m starting to doubt whether folding makes a real difference, so I am starting to try a simple second shape a dough knife instead.)
6. Bake, covered: Unlike many recipes, I don’t do a second proof after the final shape.  I pull out the very, very hot dutch oven, throw in the dough, snip the top 5 times with a scissor, put the not-yet-hot lid on, and throw the very, very hot dutch oven back into the range. (The big dutch oven is nice, but you can bake in any all metal pot with a lid to trap the steam for the first half hour of the bake.)
7. Bake, uncovered: After 30 minutes I take off the very, very hot lid of the dutch oven, and rejoice in the rise or feel bummed if it failed. I leave the lid in the range on a lower rack because that thing is very, very hot and I don’t want to have someone accidentally pick it up.
8. After another 30 minutes I pull out the very, very hot dutch oven and extract the bread with the help of a wooden spoon.  I put the loaf on a rack, and put the very, very hot dutch oven back into range.  Remember this dutch oven is very, very hot and you don’t want to accidentally touch that very, very hot thing.
9. Rest: There are some authors who are absolutely insistent that you should let the bread rest for a few hours, though I’ve also read there is nothing like freshly baked bread right out of the oven. I’m agnostic so I just do whatever I feel like doing, which usually means I just let it sit overnight by the time the bake has happened.

And that’s it.

But before I let you go, here is some additional commentary.

If you overproof your bread, it isn’t actually the end of the world.  Throw in some fresh flour (I’ll add 100g flour to my 400g flour loaf), mix it up with the dough, and give it a couple hours.  But then you should have something you can shape and bake, and a dough that now coincidentally meets Ruhlman’s 5 flour:3 water ratio.    I only figured out this general game plan a couple months ago, so I don’t have a fixed process yet, but know that it is salvageable.

While you are waiting for the dough to rise and you find yourself stepping out of the house for an extended period, throw the bread in the fridge and bake the next day.  The long cold storage will make the bread a bit more sour, which may be a feature if you actually want sourdough to be sour.  In fact, my bread made with the standard process above without refrigeration is not sour at all.

Unlike true professional bakers, I’m just happy with getting a consistently decent loaf (better than anything you can get from the supermarkets, including Whole Foods).  When you read those recipe books, you’ll see authors geek out on flour, temperature, time, starter condition, etc.  I grant that carefully controlling all those variables is necessary for getting the absolute best possible loaf out of the oven, but I don’t think it’s worth the stress.  Instead, I follow the attitude that I came across at the back of a mud oven book at the library, where the hippie author gives a very generic sketch of instructions for sourdough and then tells the reader to enjoy what comes out.

However, I do strongly recommend geeking out with cookbooks at the library.  All these books follow same pattern – sell the idea of baking your own bread, give you the basic method (this blog post), and then spend the remaining two thirds with filler (alternate recipes, the jazz it up paragraph in the post above).  While at the library you should browse the shelves and flip through every bread book available, you never know where you’ll come across a random useful snippet amidst all the food porn.  Here are some of my favorites:

• Chad Robertson’s Tartine 3, Ancient Grains.  I love the ambition of just sticking to grains, hence why this is the only book I’ve purchased.  His first Tartine book is also really good, but I’m too lazy to do a poolish which he uses for all his enriched breads.
• Ken Forkish’s Flour Salt Water Yeast.  You can see I referenced a few of his videos.  He is very meticulous in his process, so it is worth reading, even if I ignore most of it now.
• Jim Lahey’s My Bread. The opposite of Forkish in his lack of precision, but I don’t follow him either, since I fold a lot. It’s a fun book, worth a read and it helped me solidify my 30% goodies rule.
• Vanessa Kimbell’s The Sourdough School.  This is a new book and it seems promising from the time I flipped through it. Like Robertson, she geeks out way more than necessary on the starter, but she included a few good “troubleshooting” sections which makes it worth looking up.
• Peter Reinhart has written a lot of bread books, all worth flipping through. Unfortunately he does not keep the recipies at a consistent 1000g flour increment, so it is difficult to quickly compare ratios on the fly. However, he goes through a wide variety of methods and talks quite a bit about traditional recipes so they are fun reads.
• Daniel Leader’s Local Breads.  Its part travelogue and part recipe book.  This is also a fun read, though apparently not that fun since I never finished it.  The hand drawn art is appreciated.
• Jeffery Hamelman’s Bread, a Baker’s Book of Techniques and Recipes is a relatively encyclopedic book that covers a lot of ground.  It is very substantive, and the one book that breaks the mold of being stuffed with filler.

Finally, my instructions are vague because it’s just going to take a few (or lots) failed attempts to get a feel for the dough.  As such, I’d suggest doing smaller loaves so you can plow through the bummers in a short amount of time.  I baked every day for three weeks before getting consistent, sometimes a couple loaves at a time for A/B tests.  I could try harder to describe the right feel for things, but it would be as futile as all the books I read while fighting my failed loaves for those first three weeks.

In the end, you gotta just make it happen.  So start.  Now.

On Sunday we decided to make some noodles, but my wife wanted to do something other than our usual 2 egg, 3 flour pasta. So we looked around online and found a pretty simple ratio on a Chinese website, 1 egg, 3 water, and 8 flour.

So we mixed up a 48g egg, with 152g water, and 400g flour, let it rest for an hour, and then rolled it out to the medium 5 setting and cut the noodles, cooked them and threw them in some soup. Most of the dough was used up that night, but the real revelation came last night after when we made noodles out of the remaining dough. The noodles from Sunday were good, but Monday dinner was extra springy with some bounce.

In the past we had tried storing leftover noodle dough for a couple nights in the fridge and it had gone bad, so these aren’t things you can let sit too long, but it seems that giving them an extra 24 hours works out very nicely.

This week, I read an article defending bread against all its current detractors.  The claim was fiberless bread is the culprit for all our woes, and it recommended a minimum of 10% fiber relative to carbohydrates.  I had already planned on skipping on the dried fruit this week, so I decided to add some whole wheat flour and crank up the flax seed meal and chia seeds, both of which are pretty heavy in fiber.

This morning, I still hadn’t gotten around to getting whole wheat flour so I started with a regular loaf and went heavy on the additives, but my wife went on a grocery run and picked some up, hence the odd 450g of flour this week.  We also used up the last of our Arrowhead flour which is pretty thirsty, so I dropped the water ratio a little bit until I added the whole wheat which always soaks up a bit of water.  According to my breadsheet, this gets me to 12.4% fiber.

400g all purpose flour (primarily King Arthur this time)
50g whole wheat flour
330g water
100g starter (the usual 50/50 mix)
10g salt
60g chia seeds, soaked in 90g water
60g flaxseed meal, soaked in 120g water

The mix and shape went well with the new SOP’s and the bread came out great.  It’s a little flat as usual, but I suspect I need to get a larger dutch oven if I want it to rise a little more.  You can see the flecks of whole wheat but at 10% its doesn’t affect the flavor or texture at all.  I think the flaxseed is very, very oily which is why the crust is more akin to one of my enriched breads, but that’s just fine.  As for the whole wheat I’m thinking about trying to get the ratio crazy high, but to do it in 10% increments so that when my wife says enough, I’ll know to stop.  Next week will definitely be 20%.

Anyone with a sourdough starter needs a good backup plan for using it up without baking.  The easy answers are to compost it or make pancakes.

This pancake recipe is a modified from what I found online, with sugar and baking soda way reduced, and simplified due to laziness.

±240g (1 cup) starter
1 egg
1 tablespoon sugar
2 tablespoons olive oil
1/4 teaspoon salt
1/8 teaspoon baking soda or baking powder, whatever you got.

The process is quite simple also.  Preheat your skillet with butter, medium heat. Mix up all the ingredients real good.  Drop in a couple spoonfuls of batter into the skillet.  Flip after a minute or two. Flip again after a minute.  Do it again.  Makes three or four pancakes.  Add butter and syrup.  Eat.

If you look at the Michael Ruhlman’s ratio for pancakes, you’ll see that we’ve essentially backed into his formula.  2 flour : 2 water : 1 egg : 1/2 fat.  The recipe above its 120g flour : 120g water : 50g egg : 28g olive oil.

However, don’t let the false exactness of the ratios confuse you, my recipe is very loose.  If I have a bigger egg or less starter, it will just be little flatter.  If you want it fluffier, add more baking soda. If you want to make a crepe, add a second egg and skip the baking powder. If you’re short on starter, just add equal parts flour and water and definitely throw in more baking powder.

Ultimately this recipe is all about burning up your leftover starter.  This will be especially important if you get into the Chad Robertson’s Tartine method, where you refresh your starter a couple times before making the dough.  I hate waste, so I usually skip the refresh (which is a polite way to say throw away most of the starter and feed the remainder) and just live with a slower rise and miss out on any smidgen of extra flavour profile I’d otherwise obtain.

But even then, I still occasionally need to burn up starter. Feeding the little fellow for another week’s hibernation is a doubling exercise, requiring at least an equal amount of fresh material.  So if I have 100g of starter, I need to add 50g of flour and 50g of water. You can see where this will lead if left unchecked, and pancakes is our buffer.

And it’s also where my girl started cooking.  So it’s sentimental too.

Nothing particularly special about this bread.  It is very similar to last week’s bread, except that I used the starter straight out of the fridge (my usual process) and now that the dried figs and apricots are gone, we opened up a giant bag of dried mangoes, to the great delight of our daughter!

400g flour
300g water
100g starter (the usual 50/50 mix)
10g salt
60g rehydrated mangos
40g chia seeds, soaked in 60g water
40g flaxseed meal, soaked in 80g water

Since the starter came out cold from the fridge, the proof started slow which was further retarded because the dough went into the fridge so we could attend Winnie the Pooh at the Rainbow Company Youth Theater.  The show was was great fun even I don’t think our daughter quite follow the story.

On Monday evening, I put the dough in the oven’s proof function and it rose high enough to bake.  Like the previous couple weeks, the dough was still cool to the touch when I shaped it, but for once it wasn’t overproofed.  Per my new standard operating procedure, the oven temperature was held at 450f, and only the pot was preheated without the lid.  I tried using silicone pot holders instead of oven mitts for the first time. It worked perfectly well and meant I didn’t have to fully dry off my hands after washing off any dough from the final shaping.

The bread came out nicely, with a lighter crumb than the last couple weeks.  I am generally satisfied with the flavor my loaves, even if I don’t push the limits of proofing my bread.  Ken Forkish recommends pushing the proof as long as possible, but given the downsides of overdoing it, I really need to get his voice out of my head.  I’m certain he is giving good advice for competitive bakers, but it really isn’t the hassle for someone like me.

As for the mangoes, I can’t tell the difference between this and the previous loaves.  Next week, I’ll just leave out the dried fruit and spare us the added sugar.

Last night we wanted to go out, but with an infant, it can be as tiring as making your own meal.  We had tomatoes, defrosted ground beef, roasted beets in the toaster oven, and veggies in the fridge. So after a few minutes of indecision we decided to make our own pasta and just eat at home.

Ever since learning the Michael Ruhlman’s simple 3 : 2 ratio (flour to egg in weight) it’s been quite easy for us to make pasta, especially now that we have the kitchenaid roller attachment.

To mix things up, I tried a 2 : 1 ratio, with 200g flour and 100g egg.  That did not work well, especially since I also tried mixing it on a thirsty wood cutting board instead of the usual metal bowl.  Eventually I had to add another 15g of water just to get the dough to form up.

As always we let it set for 15 minutes before rolling it out. I divided the dough into 60g balls and then rolled them all out on the widest 1 setting.  This process took some time since the original kneading was not very thorough since the mix was so stiff.  Each ball had to be run it through the roller multiple times to get the right smooth texture.  However, the extended rolling meant that it gave the dough some more time to rest.

Once all the balls were rolled out, I then rolled out each slab up to the 7 setting and then let it rest for a few minutes again. We got a pot of water started, so we could immediately cook the pasta once it was completed.

I finally ran each of these sections through the thinnest 8 setting twice.  It was relatively uneventful until the inevitable goof on the last one where the dough got misaligned and tore itself up halfway through on the second run.  While annoying it wasn’t catastrophic since it just left me with two short halves which I could still turn into noodles. We then took out the fettuccine cutter and cut all the noodles and immediately cooked it up in the pot of water.

This whole time my wife was making a tomato sauce with the beef so it was ready to eat when the pasta was cooked.  The last thing to do was cook the kale in the old pasta water.  With that, we had a colorful meal, a yellow orange beef sauce, bright magenta and yellow roasted beet slices, and the deep dark green of the boiled kale.

Ultimately, the pasta came out ok, but I’m going back to the original 3:2 ratio.  If I had to save on eggs, I suspect the 2:1 would work if I didn’t try to work on a dry wood cutting board, but it’s just not the right luxurious fresh egg pasta chewy texture that you can’t even get in a restaurant.

I had feared that something would be lost when we got the pasta roller for the kitchenaid, but rolling out the dough is by far the most laborious task of the process and while I slightly miss uneven texture of hand rolled dough and the chance to work it with our girl, it is more than made up for in the effort saved. Maybe next time I’ll try to fake it by rolling out the dough to level 5, and then hand rolling the rest, and I can get my daughter involved in the process again.

We decided to make pancakes for Saturday morning so I bulked up my starter the night before.  With such happy starter in the kitchen, I had to make bread with it, even though I still have half a loaf from last week’s late bake.

400g flour
300g water
100g starter (the usual 50/50 mix)
10g salt
60g rehydrated figs
60g chia seeds, soaked in 90g water
40g flaxseed meal, soaked in 80g water

With fresh starter, the proof started very nicely, but we went to a 3pm event at the library, so I had to put the dough into the fridge.  Sunday was spent with one of our daughter’s friends, so I didn’t get around to baking till Sunday night.  All this was a minor of a shame, since that dough was in a really, really good mood when it was first put in the fridge.

By the time I took out the dough, it was on the verge of being overproofed.  It wasn’t so bad I had to attempt a rescue, but it was barely able to hold its shape. For the bake itself, I also tried the two tweaks I mentioned last week – I just baked at 450f the whole time, and I started with a cold lid.  Given the state of the dough, I think the bread rose just fine so I plan on adopting these for the future.

As for the bread itself, it has the usual tight crumb, which I don’t love because  big open airy crumb is in fashion but I’ve given up trying to change since it’s good at catching butter butter.  The flavor is slightly sour, given the 30 extra hours in the fridge, but not as strong as last weeks loaf which spent a good 60 hours in the fridge.

In non-bread news, we also made pork wontons using the Kitchenaid pasta maker last night.  The recipe came from the web with a 180 flour, 26 egg, 64 water ratio.  Our egg was 45g so the ratio was upped accordingly and I accidentally added a 16g too much much water, so I had to add another 32g of flour.  The wrappers came out fine.  It seems the best process for making this dough is to let it rest (in a closed container to keep moisture) a lot along the way.  In the future I’ll mix, rest, divide and flatten each ball at the 1 setting, and then thin it all the way down on an as needed basis.

For the filling, my wife used our brand new new Kitchenaid food grinder.  The meat was a bit lean, but there were no glitches with the tool itself.  I can’t complain, it was deeply satisfying to use these things we purchased to celebrate the new job and its pay raise.  The bigger numbers on the biweekly check is nice, but it’s feels good to have some toys also.